BLACK POWDER PERCUSSION: modern Pyrodex FFFG black powder substitute

177 BB (4.5mm) -- 8 gr metal sphere, 280 fps, 1 ftlbs. Daisy Red Ryder
typical plainsman bow and arrow -- 500 gr chipped stone point, 150 fps, 25 ftlbs.
31 caliber Colt 1849 Pocket revolver -- .321" dia. (8.2mm) 80 gr conical bullet at 700 fps, 87 ftlbs or 50 gr round ball at 850 fps, 80 ftlbs.
36 caliber Colt 1861 Navy revolver -- .375" dia. (9.5mm) 124 gr conical bullet at 800 fps, 176 ftlbs or 80 gr round ball at 950 fps, 160 ftlbs.
44 caliber Colt 1860 Army revolver -- .454" dia. (11.5mm) 220 gr conical bullet at 700 fps, 239 ftlbs or 140 gr round ball at 850 fps, 225 ftlbs.
44 caliber Colt 1847 Walker revolver -- .454" dia. (11.5mm) 250 gr conical bullet at 900 fps, 449 ftlbs or 140 gr round ball at 1150 fps, 411 ftlbs.

HANDGUN CARTRIDGES: ballistics are for the ammo I happen to have, velocity changes with different bullet weights, powder loads, and barrel length

22 Long Rifle (5.68x16R) rimfire -- 40 gr FMJ, 930 fps, 77 ftlbs. Winchester Super-X, 2.5 inch barrel (1100fps 107ftlbs 4.75")
22 Long Rifle (5.68x18R) rimfire -- 32 gr JHP, 1010 fps, 73 ftlbs. CCI Stinger, 2.5 inch barrel (1200fps 102ftlbs 4.75") (1500fps 160ftlbs 22" barrel)
25 ACP (6.35x15.5mm) -- 35 gr Frangible, 1150 fps, 103 ftlbs. Glaser Safety Slug, 2.4 inch barrel
25 ACP + P (6.35x15.5mm) -- 50 gr TMJ, 850 fps, 80 ftlbs. Custom Cartridge
6.5mm rimless Bergmann (6.5x22mm) -- 65 gr FMJ, 780 fps, 94 ftlbs. DWM
7.63mm Mauser (7.63x25mm) -- 88 gr FMJ, 1215 fps, 289 ftlbs. Fiocchi, (85gr) DWM, 3 inch barrel
7.62mm Tokarev (7.62x25mm) -- 85 gr FMJ, 1550 fps, 453 ftlbs. Sellier & Bellot
7.62mm Nagant (7.62x38.5R) -- 97 gr FMJ, 900 fps, 175 ftlbs. Fiocchi
32 ACP (7.65x18mm) -- 73 gr FMJ, 900 fps, 131 ftlbs. Fiocchi, 3 inch barrel
32 Extra Short (8x11R) rimfire -- 60gr lead, 700 fps, 66 ftlbs. UMC
32 S&W (8x14R) -- 88 gr lead, 620 fps, 75 ftlbs. Remington, 2 inch barrel
32 S&W Long (8x25R) -- 98 gr FMJ, 705 fps, 115 ftlbs. Remington
8mm Roth-Steyr (8.4x18mm) -- 113 gr FMJ, 1090 fps, 306 ftlbs. Fiocchi
8mm Pieper (8.4x40R) -- 106 gr FMJ,1150 fps, 311 ftlbs. Remington
380 ACP (9x17mm) -- 95 gr FMJ, 1120 fps, 265 ftlbs. Fiocchi
9x19mm NATO (9mm Luger) -- 124 gr FMJ, 1150 fps, 364 ftlbs. Federal M882
9x19mm NATO (9mm Luger) -- 124 gr FMJ, 1200 fps, 397 ftlbs. Winchester M882
9mm Luger (9x19mm) -- 124 gr JHP, 1120 fps, 341 ftlbs. Speer Gold Dot SOC (extra waterproof)
9mm Luger +P (9x19mm) -- 124 gr JHP, 1180 fps, 383 ftlbs. Federal HST, 4.02 inch barrel
9mm Luger (9x19mm) -- 147 gr JHP, 1000 fps, 326 ftlbs. Winchester Black Talon Deep Penetrator
9mm Luger + P + (9x19mm) -- 147 gr JHP, 1150 fps, 432 ftlbs. Custom Cartridge
38 S&W (9x20R) -- 146 gr lead, 686 fps, 152 ftlbs. Magtech
38 Long Colt (9x26R) -- 158 gr lead, 610 fps, 131 ftlbs. Black Hills, 3 inch barrel
38 Special (9x29R) -- 130 gr FMJ, 800 fps, 185 ftlbs. M41 is what the military used
38 Special + P (9x29R) -- 158 gr lead HP, 880 fps, 272 ftlbs. Fiocchi, old so-called FBI load
357 Magnum (9x33R) -- 158 gr JHP, 1120 fps, 440 ftlbs. Hornady XTP, 3 inch barrel
41 Long Colt (9.8x29R) -- 186 gr lead, 714 fps, 210 ftlbs. Black Hills, 3 inch barrel
40 S&W (10x21mm) -- 165 gr JHP, 1000 fps, 366 ftlbs. Federal Hydra-Shok
38 WCF (10x34R) -- 180 gr lead, 665 fps, 176 ftlbs. 3.25 inch barrel (mild load short barrel antique)
44 Webley (11.07x17.5R) -- 200 gr lead, 700 fps, 218 ftlbs. custom made
45 ACP (11.43x23.5mm) -- 230 gr FMJ, 869 fps, 386 ftlbs. M1911 ball
45 Long Colt (11.48x35R) -- 250 gr lead, 869 fps, 419 ftlbs. PMC

RIFLE CARTRIDGES: projectile-bullet-width x powder-case-length in millimeters, R = rimmed cartridges

5.56x45mm NATO (223 Remington) -- 55 gr FMJ, 3240 fps, 1282 ftlbs. South African M193, 20 inch barrel
5.56x45mm NATO (223 Remington) -- 62 gr FMJ (steel core), 3020 fps, 1255 ftlbs. Winchester M855, 20 inch barrel
6.5mm Swedish (6.5x55mm) -- 139 gr FMJ, 2500 fps, 1928 ftlbs. Hirtenberger surplus
6.5mm Swedish (6.5x55mm) -- 144 gr FMJ, 2650 fps, 2425 ftlbs. PMC
7mm Mauser (7x57mm) -- 139 gr FMJ, 2650, 2168 ftlbs. surplus
7.5mm Swiss (7.5x55mm) -- 174 gr FMJ, 2560 fps, 2533 ftlbs. Ruag surplus
7.62x39mm Soviet -- 123 gr FMJ, 2300 fps, 1445 ftlbs. surplus
7.62x51mm NATO (308 Winchester) -- 147 gr FMJ, 2800 fps, 2560 ftlbs. surplus, M80 general purpose medium cartridge
308 Winchester (7.62x51mm NATO) -- 168 gr BTSP (soft points are used like a hollow point), 2880 fps, 3038 ftlbs. Hornady Light Magnum
7.62x54R Russian -- 150 gr FMJ (steel core), 2700 fps, 2429 ftlbs. surplus
30-40 Krag (7.62x58.5R) -- 180 gr FMJ, 2430 fps, 2360 ftlbs. Winchester
30-06 Springfield (7.62x63mm) -- 165 gr FMJ (steel core), 2800 fps, 2873 ftlbs. custom M2AP
303 British (7.7x56R) -- 174 gr FMJ, 2450 fps, 2224 ftlbs. surplus
7.7mm Japanese Rifle (7.7x58mm) -- 174 gr FMJ, 2493 fps, 2402 ftlbs. Norma and gun show loads
8mm Mauser (7.92x57mm) -- 154 gr FMJ, 2800 fps, 2582 ftlbs. surplus
8x48R Sauer & Sohn -- 196 gr FMJ, 2350 fps, 2404 ftlbs. Norma
8x52R Siamese Mannlicher -- 181 gr FMJ, 2250 fps, 2035 ftlbs. custom made
8x56R Austrian Mannlicher -- 206 gr FMJ, 2350 fps, 2527 ftlbs. surplus
12GA (2 3/4") -- #8 game load, 400 lead pellets, 1.2 gr .090" (2.29mm), 1290 fps, 1760 ftlbs. Federal
12GA (2 3/4") -- 00 buckshot, 9 lead pellets, 53 gr .32" (8.1 mm), 1325 fps, 1656 ftlbs. Wolf
12GA (2 3/4") -- 480 gr rifled lead HP slug, 1600 fps, 2729 ftlbs. Winchester

FMJ = Full Metal Jacket, jacketed lead, basic bullets. JHP = Jacketed Hollow Point, expanding tip opens when bullet strikes target creating larger wound cavity in an effort to incapacitate faster, at the expense of penetration. TMJ = Total Metal Jacket, lead free solid jacket. Frangible = jacketed compacted shards with minimal penetration. fps = feet per second. ftlbs = foot pounds of force. gr = grains of bullet weight. +P = powders and magnum primers.

22 LR - 25 ACP - 380 ACP - 9x18mm Makarov - 9mm Luger (9mm Parabellum) - 40 S&W - 44 Webley - 38 Special - 38 WCF - 5.56x45mm NATO blank (223 Remington) - 5.56x45mm NATO (223 Remington) - 7.62x39mm Soviet - 7.62x51mm NATO (308 Winchester) - 8mm Sauer - 6.5 Swedish - 7.7 Jap Rifle - 8mm Mauser - 8x56R Austrian Mannlicher - 7.62x54R Russian - 30'06 Springfield - 12 Gauge.

220 Russian (5.6x39mm) (Lapua) - 22 Savage Hi-Power (5.6x52R) (Norma) - 5.6x61mm Vom Hofe Super Express - 8x48R Sauer & Sohn (462A KK) (DWM) - 9.3x62R Mauser bevel base (DWM) (286gr 2360fps 3544ftlbs) - 8x50R Siamese Mannlicher - 6.5 Swedish (Norma) - 6.5x58R Sauer & Sohn (RWS) - 9.3x62mm Mauser (Norma) (232gr 2624fps 3548ftlbs) - 8x58.5R Sauer & Sohn (.N SS 8x58.5R) - 9.3x72R (RWS) - 9.3x74R (Norma).

Bullet mould forms molten lead into shaped 31 caliber balls, flask dispenses proper amount of powder, percussion caps used to ignite.

Digital chronograph used to measure bullet speed.